Rudbeckia are hardy and can tolerate winter temperatures down to -15C without any cover or additional protection. This means you can plant them directly outside in pots or borders in spring.

— Soak the roots in water for 3-6 hours prior to planting out.

— Plant your bare roots into temporary pots in spring and grow-on in a sheltered spot outdoors. You can then plant them out as potted plants later in the season once in growth. Alternatively, plant directly into a clear space in borders.

— Plant the roots so that they are fully submerged with the buds or crown just below the surface or any top growth exposed.

— Choose a planting space in full sun or which is in shade for only a short part of the day.

— Space the plants 15-20cm apart.

— Read further general instructions about planting bare-root perennials